• Male and females aged 18 years or older
• Resident of Franklin County
• Experienced at least one overdose in Franklin County, OH between January 2021 and December 2022
• You suspected your overdose was opioid-related or someone gave you Narcan
• Willing to discuss your overdose experience in a one-on-one interview
• Have access to a private room and an Internet connection, or able to travel to a local public library for the interview

Eligibility Criteria:

• 18-65 years old
• Generally medically and physically healthy
• Regular alcohol use

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, mania, or psychosis
• Currently pregnant or trying to become pregnant (female)
• Presence of ferrous-containing metal in the body
• Inability to tolerate enclosed spaces
   

Exclusion Criteria varies, please contact Study Coordinator for more information.

Eligibility Criteria: 

• African-American/Black children who are 4 years old 

• Male and Females aged 50 years or older
• Diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease/Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer’s Disease
• A caregiver is available who has frequent contact with the subject, agrees to observe for adverse events, and will accompany the subject to all clinic visits for the duration of the protocol
• CT or MRI scans within 24 months prior to screening without evidence of an infection, infarction, or other focal 

Inclusion Criteria varies, please contact Study Coordinator for more information.

The below Exclusion Criteria apply to both the AD and MCI groups.

• Any significant neurological disease other than suspected incipient disease
• History of schizophrenia 
• History of systemic cancer within the past 18 months (non-metastatic skin cancers are acceptable).
• Any significant systemic illness or unstable medical conditions which could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol
• Use of any investigational drugs within thirty days or five half-lives, whichever is longer, prior to screening.

Exclusion Criteria varies, please contact Study Coordinator for more information. 

Inclusion Criteria:

To be eligible, an individual must meet all of the following inclusion criteria:

• Ability to read and understand English
• Provision of signed and dated informed consent form(s)
• Willing and able to receive study-related messages and survey links via email
• Willing and able to receive study-related phone calls
• Age 18 years old or older
• Low-back pain for at least 3 months and occurring on at least half the days in the past 6 months
• Contraindicated to no more than one of the study interventions at the time of eligibility assessment(s)
• Eligible to receive at least three of the four study interventions and willing to receive any intervention for which they are eligible
• A PEG score 4 or higher at two time points: 1) screening prior to the Run-in period and 2) screening prior to baseline (Visit 0)
• Willing and able to undergo required phenotyping
• Regular reliable access to an internet-enabled device such as a smart phone, tablet, or laptop computer

• Meet Run-in period engagement eligibility criteria:

  • Completion of two Run-in study information modules prior to period 1 randomization (Visit 0)
  • Response to at least 5 emails prior to period 1 randomization (Visit 0)
• Low-back pain more severe than pain in other parts of the body
• Available to complete the full study protocol (approximately 9 months)

Exclusion Criteria:

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

• Pregnant at the time of Visit 0 (Baseline)

• Affirmative participant response to any of the following conditions:

  • Progressive neurodegenerative disease
  • History of discitis osteomyelitis (spine infection) or spine tumor
  • History of ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, psoriatic arthritis, or lupus
  • History of cauda equina syndrome or spinal radiculopathy with functional motor deficit (strength <4/5 on manual motor testing)
  • Diagnosis of any vertebral fracture in the last 6 months
  • Osteoporosis requiring pharmacologic treatment other than vitamin D, calcium supplements, or bisphosphonates.
  • History of any bone-related cancer or cancer that metastasized to the bone
  • Currently in treatment for any non-skin cancer or plan to start non-skin cancer treatment in the next 12 months
  • History of any non-skin cancer treatment in the last 24 months
  • Visual or hearing difficulties that would preclude participation
  • Uncontrolled drug/alcohol addiction
  • Individuals actively pursuing disability or workers compensation or involved in active personal injury-related litigation
  • Currently participating in another interventional pain study
• Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude the patient from being able to safely participate in in the trial

• Are 9 to 21 years old
• Have had your first menstrual cycle

• At least 18 years old 

• Able to understand English 

• Symptoms such as feeling incompletely empty after a bowel movement, needing to strain a lot when having a bowel movement or needing to use maneuvers such as rocking one's body back and forth or using their finger to remove stool. 

• Child has access to a computer or tablet device at home for virtual mentoring sessions/meetings
• Child suffers from overweight or obesity - does not need to be under the care of a health care professional for this condition
• Child and Parent able to participate read English at a 4th grade level. 
• Family not expected to move from rural Appalachia within the 18 months. 

Inclusion:

• Able to comply with study requirements as well as pre-test requirements
• BMI between 18 and 30 kg/m2
• Body weight > 150lbs

Exclusion:

Evidence of any physical, mental, and/or medical conditions that would make the proposed studies relatively more hazardous including:

• Pregnancy 
• Allergies to components in the test products, including milk protein, and not lactose intolerant
• History of alcoholism (previous 2 years)
• Taking prescriptive medications or over-the-counter (OTC) medications (other than those taken as nutritional supplements for non-therapeutic indications)
• Current smoker
• Contraindications to MRI including cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator, brain aneurysm clips, neuro-stimulator, the presence of any magnetic metal in the body or claustrophobia

Exclusion Criteria varies, please contact Study Coordinator for more information. 

- You are an American medical resident, an attending physician, or a medical educator in any type of medical specialization, and - You have or do not have experience with patients with intellectual disabilities

- 18-20 years old
- Use an iPhone or Android smartphone
- Have a full driver’s license that allows unsupervised driving at all times
- Have a car that they are exclusive access to (primary driver, do not share the car)
- Car is insured for liability during crashes
- Driver uses the car more than 2 days a week on average
- Are a US citizen

Your child may be eligible if:
• be between 7 and 17 years of age
• give their assent (a simplified version of this consent form that your child will sign)
• have a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder
• meet all of the additional relevant inclusion criteria
• understand the study instructions, and be willing and able to follow these instructions

Exclusion Criteria:
• Your child will not be able to take part in the study if she is pregnant, nursing, or planning a pregnancy
• Your child will not be able to take part in this study if he/she takes any illegal substances